Parkinsons disease is a neurological disorder that affects movement, muscle control, and balance. The disease was named after James Parkinson, the English physician who first described it in 1817. A progressive disorder, Parkinsons disease is associated with the reduced production of dopamine (an important neurotransmitter) by the brain. It characteristically produces progressive muscle rigidity, impaired movement, involuntary tremors and dementia.

Causes and Incidence
Parkinsons is one of the most common crippling diseases and strikes 2 in every 1000 people, most often those over 50. Incidence increases in people with repeated brain injuries, including professional athletes and those abusing pshychoactive drugs.

Although the exact cause is unknown, it has been established that a dopamine deficiency prevents affected brain cells from performing their normal function within the central nervous system. Recent research suggests that multiple genetic factors may also be involved in some cases of late onset Parkinsons disease.

Signs and Symptoms
Mainly muscle rigidity, impaired movement and an insidious resting tremor that begins in the fingers, increases during stress or anxiety and decreases with purposeful movement and sleep. The gait lacks normal parallel movement and sufferers acquire a high pitched monotone voice. Other symptoms include; drooling, walking with the body bent over, slurred speech (dysarthria) and difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia). Parkinsons does not affect the intellect. A large proportion of People with Parkinsons disease also have hyperthyroidism.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on age, history and the characteristic clinical picture, but conclusive diagnosis is only possible after ruling out other causes of tremor, involutional depression, cerebral arteriosclerosis and intracranial tumors. Smell tests can help differentiate Parkinsons disease from other conditions with similar symptoms.

Patients often have increased iron accumulation in brain areas related to the condition and elevated levels of manganese are also often present.

Treatment
Although there is no known cure for Parkinsons disease, treatment can help control symptoms, improve patient quality of life and keep functionality as long as possible. Treatment consists of drugs, physical therapy and in severe disease states unresponsive to drugs, surgery or fetal cell transplants. New anecdotal evidence seems to hold out hope for relief from nanotechnology patches produced by LifeWave.

Levodopa is usually given during the early stages and dosages are increased until symptoms are relieved or side effects appear. Because side effects of Levodopa can be serious, it is usually given in combination with carbidopa. Selegiline an enzyme inhibiting agent enhances the therapeutic effect of dopamine and the use of entacapone allows less frequent doses.

In some cases of advanced stage Parkinsons disease, surgery may help to control motor problems. Deep brain stimulation, the current standard surgical practice for Parkinsons disease, has largely replaced the older operations. Pallidotomy and thalamotomy are surgical procedures that destroy brain tissue in regions of the brain associated with Parkinsons symptoms, such as dyskinesia, rigidity, and tremor. Cobalt therapy can be used and Zonisamide a drug used to treat epilepsy, is showing promise in treating tremors, motor problems, and involuntary movements in patients with Parkinsons disease.

A number of studies have found that people with Parkinsons disease have chemical markers indicating a high level of oxidative stress, with some research suggesting a high intake of antioxidants decreases the risk of developing this condition. This has led to the idea that high dose antioxidant supplementation, in the form of synergistic vitamins (C & E), may slow the progression of Parkinsons disease. Patients are encouraged to follow healthy eating and exercise habits and should get tested for osteoporosis, especially if they have problems with walking.

Nowadays a very high proportion of alternative and nutritional medicine practitioners recommend antioxidant therapy and this is where the LifeWave glutathione and carnosine patches have found favor.

Dick Aronson has a background of 35 years in pharmaceuticals and alternative medicines, software development and human resources. He has for a number of years now been retained by companies looking to expand or needing to restructure. Publisher of numerous healthcare articles, some of Dick’s websites can be found at: www.life-wave-patches.com and www.healthinnovationsonline.comArticle Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Dick_Aronson